青龍白虎朱雀玄武人物性格特點
在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)最令(ling)妖(yao)邪膽戰心(xin)驚并且(qie)法力(li)(li)無(wu)(wu)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)大(da)(da)神(shen)(shen)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)、朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)、玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四(si)(si)(si)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)了(le)。青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)為東(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)；白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)為西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)；朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)為南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)；玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)，龜(gui)(gui)蛇(she)合體。故(gu)有(you)“青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)、朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)、玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)， 天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，王(wang)者(zhe)制宮闕殿閣取法焉。”。在(zai)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)時代(dai)，古(gu)(gu)人把天(tian)(tian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為東(dong)(dong)西南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)(si)宮，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)以(yi)(yi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)（蒼龍(long)(long)(long)）、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)、朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)、玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)（一種龜(gui)(gui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)）為名(ming)。實(shi)際上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把天(tian)(tian)空(kong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為四(si)(si)(si)部，以(yi)(yi)每(mei)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)七(qi)個(ge)主(zhu)要星宿連(lian)線(xian)成形(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)命(ming)名(ming)。東(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角、亢、氏(shi)、房、心(xin)、尾、箕形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)如龍(long)(long)(long)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)宮為青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)或(huo)蒼龍(long)(long)(long)；青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)星奎、婁、胃(wei)、昂(ang)、畢、角、參形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)如虎(hu)，稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西宮為白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)；南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)井(jing)、鬼、柳、星、張、翼、軫聯為鳥(niao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)；北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)星斗、牛、女、虛、危(wei)、室、壁，其(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)如龜(gui)(gui)，稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)、朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)、玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)又(you)成為鎮(zhen)守(shou)天(tian)(tian)官的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)神(shen)(shen)，辟邪惡、調陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)。四(si)(si)(si)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)與白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)因(yin)(yin)為體相(xiang)勇武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，主(zhu)要地(di)(di)被人們(men)當作(zuo)鎮(zhen)邪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，其(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)多出現(xian)在(zai)宮闕、殿門、城門或(huo)墓(mu)(mu)葬建筑(zhu)及其(qi)器(qi)物(wu)上(shang)(shang)，在(zai)最后一種場(chang)合里(li)(li)，龍(long)(long)(long)已(yi)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)助墓(mu)(mu)主(zhu)升天(tian)(tian)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)懾邪魔(mo)，保衛墓(mu)(mu)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)魂安(an)寧。青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)掌四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)順陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)，四(si)(si)(si)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)圣獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)蒼龍(long)(long)(long)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)、朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)、玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，雖然在(zai)歐美奇幻中(zhong)很少(shao)出現(xian)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)日本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)話傳說(shuo)中(zhong)，它們(men)卻(que)以(yi)(yi)尊(zun)貴(gui)無(wu)(wu)比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)圣獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)身(shen)份出現(xian)。青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)，亦作(zuo)“蒼龍(long)(long)(long)”，古(gu)(gu)代(dai)神(shen)(shen)話中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。龍(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖騰，自黃帝授(shou)命(ming)于(yu)天(tian)(tian)，威澤(ze)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，龍(long)(long)(long)就成為中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)族乃至整個(ge)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)征，而(er)比(bi)較(jiao)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定形(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)漢(han)代(dai)，從大(da)(da)漢(han)朝開始，龍(long)(long)(long)就被確定為皇帝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)征與代(dai)表。在(zai)東(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)傳說(shuo)中(zhong)，青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)似長蛇(she)、麒(qi)麟首、鯉魚(yu)尾、面有(you)長須、犄角似鹿、有(you)五(wu)爪、相(xiang)貌威武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，而(er)在(zai)西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)神(shen)(shen)話里(li)(li)，龍(long)(long)(long)更(geng)像(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長翅膀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蜥蜴。白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)，古(gu)(gu)代(dai)神(shen)(shen)話中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)體似虎(hu)，白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)色，兇(xiong)猛無(wu)(wu)比(bi)，因(yin)(yin)此成為尊(zun)貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)征。同時白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)也象(xiang)(xiang)征著威武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)軍隊，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)很多以(yi)(yi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)冠名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)都(dou)與兵家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事有(you)關，例如古(gu)(gu)代(dai)軍隊里(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)旗和(he)(he)兵符上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)像(xiang)。朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)，亦稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“朱(zhu)鳥(niao)”，形(xing)(xing)(xing)體似鳳(feng)凰(huang)，古(gu)(gu)代(dai)神(shen)(shen)話中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。因(yin)(yin)其(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)似鳥(niao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，位(wei)在(zai)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，火屬性(xing)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)游戲(xi)中(zhong)經(jing)(jing)常(chang)以(yi)(yi)鳳(feng)凰(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)出現(xian)。但其(qi)實(shi)朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)和(he)(he)鳳(feng)凰(huang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩種不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)，鳳(feng)凰(huang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)百鳥(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)，而(er)朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)卻(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，比(bi)鳳(feng)凰(huang)更(geng)稀有(you)尊(zun)貴(gui)，破壞(huai)力(li)(li)也更(geng)強(qiang)。在(zai)日本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漫畫(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)游戲(xi)里(li)(li)，朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)為強(qiang)力(li)(li)召喚獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)或(huo)者(zhe)妖(yao)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，比(bi)如漫畫(hua)(hua)《幽游白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)書》和(he)(he)根(gen)據漫畫(hua)(hua)改編的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同名(ming)游戲(xi)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，也叫“真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”，俗稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)帝”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)教所(suo)奉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)。相(xiang)傳古(gu)(gu)凈樂國(guo)(guo)王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太子(zi)，生而(er)神(shen)(shen)猛，越東(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)來游，遇(yu)天(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)授(shou)以(yi)(yi)寶劍，入湖北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)當山修(xiu)煉，經(jing)(jing)四(si)(si)(si)十二(er)年而(er)功成，白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)日飛升，威鎮(zhen)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，號玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)君(jun)。但宋朝忌諱玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)字(zi)，因(yin)(yin)而(er)改稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)又(you)相(xiang)傳本(ben)(ben)身(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)一只大(da)(da)龜(gui)(gui)，此龜(gui)(gui)曾(ceng)經(jing)(jing)被當作(zuo)柱子(zi)支撐整個(ge)蓬萊仙山，因(yin)(yin)其(qi)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)性(xing)深覺(jue)，歷經(jing)(jing)多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聽(ting)道(dao)聞(wen)道(dao)，終(zhong)于(yu)修(xiu)得正(zheng)果(guo)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)帝王(wang)陵寢多有(you)馱碑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)龜(gui)(gui)，正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)此暗寓玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。另外(wai)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)又(you)叫玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冥(ming)(ming)，故(gu)又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)冥(ming)(ming)，聽(ting)到(dao)這個(ge)名(ming)字(zi)估計不少(shao)讀(du)者(zhe)又(you)聯想起北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)冥(ming)(ming)歸海(hai)(hai)，還有(you)金庸老先生筆下人物(wu)逍遙子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)冥(ming)(ming)神(shen)(shen)功》。“四(si)(si)(si)神(shen)(shen)”代(dai)表東(dong)(dong)西南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)(si)個(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)，為劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)天(tian)(tian)區(qu)，制定歷法，提供了(le)比(bi)較(jiao)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參照。到(dao)了(le)后來，隨(sui)著陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)五(wu)行學說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流行，四(si)(si)(si)神(shen)(shen)“鎮(zhen)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，避不祥”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)守(shou)護神(shen)(shen)職能更(geng)為人們(men)所(suo)重視(shi)，并被賦予了(le)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)性(xing)。二(er)十八(ba)宿也成了(le)崇祀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象(xiang)(xiang)。秦漢(han)時期(qi)四(si)(si)(si)神(shen)(shen)與春、夏、秋、冬(dong)四(si)(si)(si)季，青(qing)(qing)(qing)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)、赤、黑四(si)(si)(si)色相(xiang)配，已(yi)被當時文(wen)獻如《淮南(nan)子(zi)》、《史記(ji)》等書所(suo)系(xi)統記(ji)載，成為人們(men)普(pu)遍接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想體系(xi)。另外(wai)，漢(han)代(dai)還流行八(ba)卦四(si)(si)(si)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)紋銅鏡，上(shang)(shang)面鑄有(you)“四(si)(si)(si)神(shen)(shen)”和(he)(he)“左龍(long)(long)(long)右(you)虎(hu)辟不祥，朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)順陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)”等銘文(wen)，這也有(you)宗教含(han)義：即(ji)鏡中(zhong)反映的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)，靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)魂附(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)神(shen)(shen)保護，避免邪魔(mo)侵害。...
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