北京九壇八廟在哪里
京城九(jiu)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)九(jiu)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、地(di)(di)(di)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、祈(qi)谷壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)(ri)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、夕月(yue)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、太歲(sui)(sui)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、先(xian)(xian)農(nong)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、先(xian)(xian)蠶(can)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)和(he)社稷壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)諸(zhu)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，這些(xie)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)清(qing)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)進行各(ge)種祭(ji)祀(si)活動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方。 建(jian)(jian)于(yu)明(ming)(ming)永樂(le)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1410年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))的(de)(de)(de)(de)社稷壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)代遷(qian)都北(bei)京所(suo)(suo)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。 “人(ren)非(fei)土不生，非(fei)谷不食”，社稷成(cheng)了封(feng)建(jian)(jian)時(shi)代國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)與代名詞。明(ming)(ming)清(qing)兩朝(chao)歷(li)代皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春秋(qiu)第(di)二(er)個(ge)月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)一個(ge)戊日(ri)(ri)(ri)，要(yao)(yao)來(lai)這里(今(jin)中山(shan)公園(yuan))祭(ji)祀(si)社神(shen)與稷神(shen)。 明(ming)(ming)初，皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)對天地(di)(di)(di)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)、星辰、云雨(yu)、風(feng)雷(lei)諸(zhu)神(shen)一起(qi)祭(ji)祀(si)。到(dao)了明(ming)(ming)嘉靖九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1530年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，對諸(zhu)神(shen)分郊祭(ji)祀(si)，才(cai)在(zai)(zai)天地(di)(di)(di)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(今(jin)祈(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又(you)名祈(qi)谷壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan))的(de)(de)(de)(de)南端(duan)建(jian)(jian)起(qi)圜丘壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，成(cheng)為名副(fu)其實的(de)(de)(de)(de)“天壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”，又(you)有祭(ji)天臺之(zhi)(zhi)稱，于(yu)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)至(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)供(gong)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)天之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。天壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)祈(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即(ji)(ji)祈(qi)谷壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(原天地(di)(di)(di)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan))，成(cheng)為每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)歷(li)正月(yue)十(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)祈(qi)祀(si)五(wu)谷豐登之(zhi)(zhi)處。地(di)(di)(di)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)建(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)安定門(men)外，是(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)清(qing)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏至(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)祭(ji)祀(si)土地(di)(di)(di)神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)(suo)。在(zai)(zai)朝(chao)陽門(men)外建(jian)(jian)有朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)(ri)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，用(yong)于(yu)春分日(ri)(ri)(ri)祭(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)。阜成(cheng)門(men)外所(suo)(suo)建(jian)(jian)夕月(yue)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，為秋(qiu)分日(ri)(ri)(ri)祭(ji)月(yue)。位(wei)(wei)于(yu)永定門(men)內(nei)西側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)農(nong)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)祀(si)神(shen)農(nong)氏之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)，皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)春季第(di)二(er)個(ge)月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)亥日(ri)(ri)(ri)吉時(shi)，來(lai)此(ci)』弓行祀(si)禮，親御(yu)耒(lei)耜“。太歲(sui)(sui)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)農(nong)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)側(ce)，因太歲(sui)(sui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)值歲(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春、冬(dong)兩季需擇吉日(ri)(ri)(ri)來(lai)此(ci)祭(ji)祀(si)，以(yi)求歲(sui)(sui)歲(sui)(sui)吉祥、國泰民(min)(min)安。先(xian)(xian)蠶(can)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)北(bei)海公園(yuan)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)隅，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春季第(di)二(er)個(ge)月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)已日(ri)(ri)(ri)，皇(huang)(huang)后要(yao)(yao)來(lai)此(ci)躬行桑禮，以(yi)示(shi)對農(nong)副(fu)業生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關懷與重視。 京華(hua)八(ba)廟(miao)八(ba)廟(miao)系指太廟(miao)、奉(feng)(feng)先(xian)(xian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、傳心(xin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、壽(shou)皇(huang)(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雍(yong)(yong)和(he)宮(gong)、堂子、文(wen)廟(miao)和(he)歷(li)代帝(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)廟(miao)。太廟(miao)，在(zai)(zai)今(jin)勞動(dong)(dong)人(ren)民(min)(min)文(wen)化宮(gong)內(nei)，明(ming)(ming)永樂(le)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1420年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))興建(jian)(jian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)清(qing)兩代封(feng)建(jian)(jian)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)祖先(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)(suo)，即(ji)(ji)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)家廟(miao)。 奉(feng)(feng)先(xian)(xian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)(zai)故(gu)宮(gong)內(nei)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)原安有神(shen)龕，以(yi)祭(ji)祀(si)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)祖。 傳心(xin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，位(wei)(wei)于(yu)故(gu)宮(gong)文(wen)華(hua)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)側(ce)，原為供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)、先(xian)(xian)師牌位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方。壽(shou)皇(huang)(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)(zai)景山(shan)公園(yuan)內(nei)北(bei)側(ce)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)清(qing)代帝(di)(di)(di)(di)后、祖先(xian)(xian)神(shen)像之(zhi)(zhi)處，同時(shi)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)后死(si)后人(ren)葬前的(de)(de)(de)(de)停靈之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)。 雍(yong)(yong)和(he)宮(gong)，原為清(qing)雍(yong)(yong)正皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)胤禎即(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)府(fu)邸，乾隆皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)出生于(yu)此(ci)，后改為喇嘛教的(de)(de)(de)(de)廟(miao)宇。該廟(miao)建(jian)(jian)筑豪華(hua)，文(wen)物極豐，為北(bei)京著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅游勝地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一。 文(wen)廟(miao)，又(you)稱孔廟(miao)，在(zai)(zai)雍(yong)(yong)和(he)宮(gong)西側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國子監街(jie)內(nei)(成(cheng)賢街(jie))，建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1306年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)元、明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)三(san)代祭(ji)祀(si)孔夫子的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方，現為首都博物館。...
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