測字的測字方法
怎么(me)測(ce)字(zi)(zi)(zi)？如(ru)(ru)(ru)何測(ce)字(zi)(zi)(zi)？下(xia)(xia)面(mian)看看 ：測(ce)字(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)(shuo)來神(shen)(shen)秘(mi)，未必(bi)復(fu)(fu)雜。中(zhong)(zhong)國漢字(zi)(zi)(zi)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)象(xiang)(xiang)形文字(zi)(zi)(zi)，無(wu)非是(shi)(shi)結構不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，或(huo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)如(ru)(ru)(ru)“卡”字(zi)(zi)(zi)，或(huo)左右如(ru)(ru)(ru)“作(zuo)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)，或(huo)包(bao)含如(ru)(ru)(ru)“圍(wei)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)。測(ce)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)主(zhu)要(yao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)形態(tai)來判定(ding)含義(yi)，然后必(bi)定(ding)要(yao)加減一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些偏旁(pang)，使其(qi)含義(yi)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)流動。下(xia)(xia)面(mian)開始。 所(suo)謂觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)，絕不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)看梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據《梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)占(zhan)。易(yi)(yi)學大(da)(da)師邵康節所(suo)發明也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。它給后世(shi)留下(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)典型范例(li)(li)(li)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，它也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)給后世(shi)留下(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)費猜(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謎(mi)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、 典型范例(li)(li)(li)∶ 1. 年月(yue)日時(shi)(shi)(shi)起卦(gua)(gua)∶辰年十二月(yue)十七日申時(shi)(shi)(shi)，康節先生偶觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)，見二雀(que)(que)爭枝(zhi)墜(zhui)地(di)(di)。先生曰∶不(bu)(bu)動不(bu)(bu)占(zhan)，不(bu)(bu)因事(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)占(zhan)。今二雀(que)(que)爭枝(zhi)墜(zhui)地(di)(di)，怪(guai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。因占(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，得(de)(de)澤火(huo)革，初(chu)爻變(bian)(bian)咸，互見干、巽。 2. 體(ti)用(yong)互變(bian)(bian)解卦(gua)(gua)∶先生斷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰∶明晚當有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)女子折花(hua)(hua)，園丁不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)而(er)(er)逐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，女子失(shi)驚(jing)(jing)墜(zhui)地(di)(di)，遂傷其(qi)股。兌(dui)(dui)金為(wei)體(ti)，離(li)火(huo)克(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。互見巽木，復(fu)(fu)生起離(li)火(huo)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)克(ke)體(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦(gua)(gua)氣盛。兌(dui)(dui)為(wei)少(shao)女，因知(zhi)女子被(bei)傷；而(er)(er)互中(zhong)(zhong)巽木，又逢干金、況金克(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)巽木被(bei)傷，而(er)(er)巽為(wei)股，故有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)傷股之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。幸變(bian)(bian)為(wei)艮土，兌(dui)(dui)金得(de)(de)生，知(zhi)女子但(dan)被(bei)傷，而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)兇危也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二、 費猜(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謎(mi)∶ 在(zai)(zai)(zai)《梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)·八卦(gua)(gua)萬物(wu)(wu)類占(zhan)》中(zhong)(zhong)，單(dan)單(dan)兌(dui)(dui)卦(gua)(gua)類象(xiang)(xiang)，作(zuo)者(zhe)列舉(ju)(ju)了(le)(le)(le)(le)二十七類一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十二象(xiang)(xiang)。為(wei)什(shen)么(me)在(zai)(zai)(zai)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)，獨獨以(yi)兌(dui)(dui)卦(gua)(gua)為(wei)少(shao)女呢(ni)？為(wei)什(shen)么(me)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)占(zhan)獨驗(yan)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)事(shi)(shi)(shi)呢(ni)？這(zhe)確實是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)困(kun)擾后人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)費猜(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謎(mi)。對(dui)于(yu)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)問(wen)題，前人(ren)(ren)已作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)初(chu)步研究。《梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)·心易(yi)(yi)占(zhan)卜玄機》說(shuo)(shuo)∶謂他人(ren)(ren)折花(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毀，皆可(ke)切驗(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真，是(shi)(shi)必(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)屬矣！這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種猜(cai)(cai)測(ce)，究竟有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)何屬呢(ni)？不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)而(er)(er)知(zhi)！《梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)·三要(yao)靈(ling)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)篇》中(zhong)(zhong)。作(zuo)者(zhe)提(ti)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)十五類外(wai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)情況。顯然，外(wai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)思想大(da)(da)大(da)(da)地(di)(di)擴展了(le)(le)(le)(le)占(zhan)卜的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息來源。外(wai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)特(te)定(ding)條件下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。《梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)》觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)占(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)什(shen)么(me)呢(ni)？為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)推測(ce)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)信息，我(wo)們不(bu)(bu)妨先看另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)占(zhan)例(li)(li)(li)∶ 1. 觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)物(wu)(wu)占(zhan)例(li)(li)(li)∶據《字(zi)(zi)(zi)觸·外(wai)部》轉載∶南(nan)宋(song)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期，安(an)徽新安(an)人(ren)(ren)汪(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)，雙目失(shi)明，人(ren)(ren)稱瞎龍(long)(long)(long)。他善于(yu)遇物(wu)(wu)起數(shu)(shu)(shu)，多奇中(zhong)(zhong)，因而(er)(er)門(men)庭(ting)若(ruo)市。徽州太(tai)(tai)守怕他妖(yao)言(yan)惑眾(zhong)、聚眾(zhong)鬧事(shi)(shi)(shi)，想刁(diao)難并法(fa)辦他。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天召汪(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)到府(fu)衙，太(tai)(tai)守問(wen)他∶我(wo)手(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)何物(wu)(wu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)果說(shuo)(shuo)對(dui)了(le)(le)(le)(le)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)放了(le)(le)(le)(le)你；如(ru)(ru)(ru)果說(shuo)(shuo)錯了(le)(le)(le)(le)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)用(yong)亂杖打死(si)(si)你。汪(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)請求指(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)東西提(ti)示(shi)提(ti)示(shi)，以(yi)便(bian)猜(cai)(cai)射。大(da)(da)堂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)剛好有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名少(shao)婦替亡夫(fu)訴冤，太(tai)(tai)守指(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)指(zhi)少(shao)婦，汪(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)立刻回答說(shuo)(shuo)∶是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只麻雀(que)(que)。太(tai)(tai)守吃驚(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)問(wen)∶是(shi)(shi)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)？汪(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)機敏(min)地(di)(di)答道∶生死(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)老爺手(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)掌(zhang)握著(zhu)。太(tai)(tai)守聽罷(ba)，說(shuo)(shuo)∶可(ke)以(yi)與(yu)(yu)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)盲人(ren)(ren)談術數(shu)(shu)(shu)。并問(wen)何以(yi)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。汪(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)回答說(shuo)(shuo)∶那(nei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)婦人(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)年少(shao)佳人(ren)(ren)，又穿孝服，以(yi)意解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)知(zhi)道是(shi)(shi)麻雀(que)(que)。 2. 有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益啟(qi)示(shi)∶汪(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遇物(wu)(wu)起數(shu)(shu)(shu)，實質上(shang)(shang)(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)邵子的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)物(wu)(wu)起數(shu)(shu)(shu)。北宋(song)與(yu)(yu)南(nan)宋(song)相去不(bu)(bu)遠(yuan)，邵子的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)占(zhan)，汪(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)或(huo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)知(zhi)。從汪(wang)(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)物(wu)(wu)占(zhan)例(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)們可(ke)以(yi)得(de)(de)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)啟(qi)示(shi)∶從拆字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度看，雀(que)(que)可(ke)為(wei)少(shao)、佳，以(yi)對(dui)關(guan)法(fa)完(wan)整地(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo)，乃(nai)少(shao)年佳人(ren)(ren)。 3. 觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)占(zhan)例(li)(li)(li)∶在(zai)(zai)(zai)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)，邵子見二雀(que)(que)爭枝(zhi)墜(zhui)地(di)(di)，以(yi)雀(que)(que)為(wei)少(shao)年佳人(ren)(ren)，以(yi)兌(dui)(dui)卦(gua)(gua)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)少(shao)女，誠(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。綜上(shang)(shang)(shang)所(suo)述，觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)，作(zuo)者(zhe)秘(mi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)宣(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，其(qi)實就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)拆字(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。它正是(shi)(shi)《梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)·三要(yao)靈(ling)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)篇》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。本文引述觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)占(zhan)例(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)虛，以(yi)《梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)》解《梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)易(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)》是(shi)(shi)實。外(wai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)統非常(chang)復(fu)(fu)雜。書(shu)不(bu)(bu)盡(jin)意，言(yan)難盡(jin)傳，所(suo)以(yi)歷代占(zhan)卜高手(shou)稱其(qi)為(wei)不(bu)(bu)宣(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)活潑潑地(di)(di)，惟在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心鏡光明，隨物(wu)(wu)洞照而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)遺(yi)纖毫(hao)，庶可(ke)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。茲(zi)姑錄曾(ceng)驗(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)，以(yi)便(bian)學者(zhe)會悟(wu)云。天（凡(fan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)虛，然利(li)于(yu)行動。若(ruo)問(wen)功名，宜于(yu)晴朗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日。此舉(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)端，變(bian)(bian)化(hua)由(you)人(ren)(ren)）。地(di)(di)（凡(fan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)，但(dan)嫌其(qi)遲。家宅田禾利(li)）。人(ren)(ren)（凡(fan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)成(cheng)可(ke)敗，只在(zai)(zai)(zai)真誠(cheng)方安(an)）。日（實也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。完(wan)全而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)虧，但(dan)利(li)于(yu)春(chun)冬曉；□若(ruo)夏與(yu)(yu)晚，不(bu)(bu)足取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)）。月(yue)（缺(que)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。時(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圓缺(que)，然事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)根(gen)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)弦(xian)利(li)，下(xia)(xia)弦(xian)不(bu)(bu)利(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)）。金（世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶，人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)累(lei)。久煉則(ze)(ze)(ze)良(liang)）。木（春(chun)旺(wang)(wang)秋衰。亦觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)其(qi)何字(zi)(zi)(zi)，若(ruo)松柏桂梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類，又不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)衰旺(wang)(wang)中(zhong)(zhong)論(lun)）。水（流通無(wu)住，獨不(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)冬）。火(huo)（日中(zhong)(zhong)則(ze)(ze)(ze)晦，耀夜有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)玏(le)；逢水則(ze)(ze)(ze)衰，得(de)(de)木則(ze)(ze)(ze)旺(wang)(wang)）。土（萬物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母，事(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)基，但(dan)遲滯不(bu)(bu)能速就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)）。至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，或(huo)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)，或(huo)相字(zi)(zi)(zi)，隨機應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)變(bian)(bian)，妙用(yong)不(bu)(bu)窮。若(ruo)無(wu)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)亦可(ke)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)審其(qi)來意與(yu)(yu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)到時(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)左右遠(yuan)近之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)影響，借(jie)而(er)(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，否則(ze)(ze)(ze)拆字(zi)(zi)(zi)。此至(zhi)(zhi)精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)略舉(ju)(ju)大(da)(da)概。引伸觸類，神(shen)(shen)而(er)(er)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，存乎(hu)其(qi)人(ren)(ren)。
...6157