天干地支所屬臟腑經絡與五行是如何對應的?
《素問·臟(zang)氣(qi)法(fa)時論篇(pian)》指(zhi)出:“肝主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)春,足厥陰(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)陽(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治,其日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)甲(jia)乙……心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)夏(xia),手少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)太(tai)陽(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治,其日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)丙丁(ding)(ding)……脾(pi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)長夏(xia),足太(tai)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)明(ming)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治,其日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)戊己……肺(fei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)秋(qiu)(qiu),手太(tai)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)明(ming)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治,其日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)庚辛(xin)……腎(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冬,足少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)太(tai)陽(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治,其日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)壬癸(gui)(gui)……”說(shuo)明(ming)了天(tian)干(gan)(gan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)以及臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)的(de)生(sheng)理(li)活動和五(wu)(wu)季、日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)干(gan)(gan)、五(wu)(wu)行的(de)關系(xi)。即:甲(jia)乙主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)春屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木,與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肝、膽(經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing))配(pei)(pei)合(he),膽屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陽(yang)木旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)甲(jia)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),肝屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)木旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)乙日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri);丙丁(ding)(ding)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)夏(xia)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火(huo)(huo),與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、小(xiao)腸(chang)(chang)(經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing))配(pei)(pei)合(he),小(xiao)腸(chang)(chang)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陽(yang)火(huo)(huo)旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)丙日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)火(huo)(huo)旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)丁(ding)(ding)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri);戊己主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)長夏(xia)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)土(tu),與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)脾(pi)、胃(wei)(wei)(經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing))配(pei)(pei)合(he),胃(wei)(wei)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陽(yang)土(tu)旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)戊日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),脾(pi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)土(tu)旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)己日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri);庚辛(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)秋(qiu)(qiu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金,與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肺(fei)、大(da)腸(chang)(chang)(經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing))配(pei)(pei)合(he),大(da)腸(chang)(chang)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陽(yang)金旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)庚日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),肺(fei)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)金旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)辛(xin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri);壬癸(gui)(gui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)冬屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui),與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)腎(shen)、膀(bang)胱(經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing))配(pei)(pei)合(he),膀(bang)胱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陽(yang)水(shui)(shui)旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)壬日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),腎(shen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)旺(wang)(wang)于(yu)癸(gui)(gui)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。 明(ming)代(dai)醫家徐(xu)鳳提出“甲(jia)膽乙肝丙小(xiao)腸(chang)(chang),丁(ding)(ding)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)戊胃(wei)(wei)己脾(pi)鄉,庚屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)大(da)腸(chang)(chang)辛(xin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)肺(fei),壬屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)膀(bang)胱癸(gui)(gui)腎(shen)臟(zang),三(san)(san)焦(jiao)亦向(xiang)壬中寄,包(bao)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)同(tong)歸入(ru)癸(gui)(gui)方”(《針(zhen)灸大(da)全·卷(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)》)十(shi)二經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)納天(tian)干(gan)(gan)歌。但明(ming)代(dai)醫家張介賓對(dui)(dui)于(yu)三(san)(san)焦(jiao)、心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)包(bao)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)天(tian)干(gan)(gan)配(pei)(pei)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)提出不同(tong)的(de)看法(fa),認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)壬癸(gui)(gui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui),三(san)(san)焦(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“決瀆(du)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)”誠有(you)可言,但心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)包(bao)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”,心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火(huo)(huo),怎能(neng)(neng)(neng)歸入(ru)癸(gui)(gui)水(shui)(shui)呢(ni)?因而提出了“三(san)(san)焦(jiao)陽(yang)府須歸丙,包(bao)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)從陰(yin)(yin)(yin)丁(ding)(ding)火(huo)(huo)旁”(《類經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)圖翼·三(san)(san)卷(juan)》)之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo),后世(shi)許多醫家對(dui)(dui)此(ci)說(shuo)甚(shen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)推崇。筆者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)包(bao)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”,心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)火(huo)(huo),癸(gui)(gui)腎(shen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui),須知古人(ren)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)火(huo)(huo)同(tong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)先(xian)天(tian)始生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)物,所以水(shui)(shui)火(huo)(huo)相同(tong)。從臟(zang)腑(fu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)來說(shuo),《素問·靈蘭(lan)秘典(dian)論篇(pian)》說(shuo):“三(san)(san)焦(jiao)者(zhe),決瀆(du)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),水(shui)(shui)道出焉;”“膀(bang)胱者(zhe),州都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),津液(ye)藏(zang)焉。”指(zhi)出了三(san)(san)焦(jiao)和膀(bang)胱都(dou)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)液(ye)代(dai)謝有(you)關,是(shi)人(ren)體(ti)水(shui)(shui)液(ye)運行的(de)器官(guan)。從穴(xue)(xue)位功(gong)用來說(shuo),針(zhen)刺三(san)(san)焦(jiao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)原(yuan)穴(xue)(xue)陽(yang)池和膀(bang)胱經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)原(yuan)穴(xue)(xue)京(jing)骨穴(xue)(xue),則(ze)能(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)機體(ti)起(qi)到調和宣導的(de)作用;針(zhen)刺心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)包(bao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)原(yuan)穴(xue)(xue)大(da)陵和腎(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)原(yuan)穴(xue)(xue)太(tai)溪穴(xue)(xue),則(ze)有(you)交通心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)腎(shen)、水(shui)(shui)火(huo)(huo)相濟的(de)作用。據此(ci),筆者(zhe)贊同(tong)“三(san)(san)焦(jiao)亦向(xiang)壬中寄,包(bao)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)同(tong)歸入(ru)癸(gui)(gui)方”之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)。現(xian)根據《內經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》、《針(zhen)灸大(da)全》的(de)論述,將天(tian)干(gan)(gan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)臟(zang)腑(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)、五(wu)(wu)季的(de)配(pei)(pei)合(he)以表歸納說(shuo)明(ming)(表2)。...
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