十二生肖是什么年代開始使用的?
從多方面情況來看,十二生肖應當起源于中國,其理由具體如下:
其一:在東漢王充的著作《論衡》中對十二生肖便有較為系統的明確記載。從他在《物勢篇》,《言毒篇》,《譏日篇》中的記載可知,子鼠,丑牛,寅虎,卯兔,辰龍,巳蛇,午馬,未羊,申猴,酉雞,戌狗,亥豬的概念在東漢已相當清楚。
其二:在《周書》卷十一《晉蕩公護傳》中,對生肖屬相已有詳細說明。如:"昔在武川鎮生當兄弟,大者屬鼠,次者屬兔,汝身屬蛇。"
其三:據考古出土資料《日書》可知,秦代已大體將十二地支與十二獸相聯系。(盡管當時的十二獸與后來的十二獸有所不同)
其四:在先秦的古籍中,如《詩經.小雅.吉日》,《禮記》卷十七《月令》,《吳越春秋》卷四《闔閭內傳》,也有一些記載,但是否為十二生肖紀年,目前尚有爭議。
從以上事例來看,春秋戰國之前甚至周代已存在十二獸即十二生肖。這說明十二獸在中國已有久遠的歷史,同時也說明十二獸是中國人自己創造發明的,而不是從西方或其它什么地方傳入的,其起源地當是中國中原地區。
十二生肖是由西方傳入的嗎?
關于十二生肖起源的時間和地點,眾說紛紜。清人趙翼最早提出它是由西方諸國,經西域由突厥民族傳入中國的,他的主要根據是《新唐書》卷二一七下《黠戛斯傳》和《太平寰宇記》。據上述資料記載,西方的回鶻和黠戛人也者是用十二生肖紀年。許多歷法學家都不能提出足夠的證據反駁他的這種看法,但只要仔細推究,其中的漏洞也就不難發現了。
《新唐書》和《太平寰宇記》所記回鶻和黠戛斯人以十二生肖紀年,當是在前745年以后,因回鶻人是在前745年滅亡突厥汗國之后建立回鶻汗國的,而黠戛斯人則是在公元840年攻破回鶻汗國后而建立黠戛斯國,他們的十二生肖紀年法當是直接繼承被其滅亡的突厥汗國。據大量史料記載,古代突厥各民族的十二生肖紀年法不是西方而是由中國傳入的。其原因具體如下:
1:突厥各族在隋之前無法,其十二生肖紀年法是隋代由中原傳入的;
2:突厥人于8世紀要30年代才有使用十二生肖紀年法的明確記載;
3:回鶻時代才較為普通地使用十二生肖紀年法;
4:形書于是11世紀的《突厥語大詞典》中有關于十二生肖紀年法及其來源的記載,原句如下:"突厥人取十二種動物之名稱來記年"。 (注:如需詳知史料具體出處,請與我網站聯系。)
據資料可知,隋朝于公元586年頒歷于突厥,而突厥只吸收了十二生肖記年法。未采用干支紀年法。據突厥碑文所載,突厥人是在公元730年幫開始使用十二生肖紀年,而在突厥之后的回鶻汗國和黠戛斯汗國,他們使用十二生肖紀年法當是從突厥人中延續下來。由此可以說明。趙翼關于十二生肖是由西方傳入的說法是沒有根據的。
生肖的由來
作為一種古老的民俗文化事象,有關十二生肖的起源,歷代學者眾說紛紜。有人認為生肖與地支同源,可以追溯到史前的傳說時代,《史記》中所載黃帝"建造甲子以命歲","大撓作甲子"就是這類說法的反映,學者們認為這里所說的甲子就是指的十二生肖。清代學者趙翼則認為生肖最早源于我國北方的游牧民族,他在《陔余叢考》中說:"蓋北俗初無所謂子丑寅之十二辰,但以鼠牛虎兔之類分紀歲時,浸尋流傳于中國,遂相沿不廢耳。"(參見清·趙翼《陔余叢考》)。有的學者甚至持生肖外來說的觀點,認為十二生肖是由古巴比倫傳入中國的,持這種觀點的代表有郭沫若,他在《甲骨文字研究·釋支干》中講" 十二肖象于巴比倫、埃及、印度均有之,然均不甚古,無出于西紀后百年以上者。意者此始漢時西域諸國,仿巴比倫之十二宮而制定之,再向四周傳播者也。"認為生肖為中東地區居民模仿巴比倫黃道十二宮而制定,其傳入中國的時間,當在漢武帝通西域之時。以上觀點見仁見智,作者不敢主觀判斷是非,但通過大量的文獻資料證明,生肖的確起源于中國,是華夏先民動物崇拜、圖騰崇拜以及早期天文學的結晶。
關于十二生肖的記載,現有文獻資料中,以《詩經》為最早。《詩經·小雅·吉日》里有:"吉日庚午,即差我馬"八個字,意思是庚午吉日時辰好,是躍馬出獵的好日子,這是將午與馬相對應的例子。可見在春秋前后,地支與十二種動物的對應關系已經確立并流傳。 1975年,在湖北云夢縣睡虎地十一號墓出土的竹簡,進一步證明十二生肖在春秋前后已存在。出土竹簡的《日書》甲種有一章標題為《盜者》,其內容為占卜盜者相貌特征,其中記載有:"子,鼠也,盜者兌口希須,……丑,牛也,盜者大鼻長頸,……寅,虎也,盜者狀,希須,面有黑焉。卯,兔也,盜者大面頭。辰,〔原文脫漏〕盜者男子,青赤色……已,蟲也,盜者長而黑蛇目。午,鹿也,盜者長頸小哘,其身不全。……未,馬也,盜者長須耳。申,環也,盜者圓面……"
《日書》中所記十二生肖大體近似于現在流行說法。據考證,睡虎地十一號墓下葬于秦始皇三十年(公元前217年),因此十二生肖的產生至少可以追溯到秦以前的春秋時期。學者們認為,這是迄今為止,在我國發現的關于十二生肖的最早而又較系統的記載。
和今天流行的十二生肖說法完全一致的是東漢王充的記載,王充《論衡·物勢》載:
"寅,木也,其禽,虎也。戌,土也,其禽,犬也。……午,馬也。子,鼠也,酉,雞也。卯,兔也。……亥,豕也。未,羊也。丑,牛也。……已,蛇也。申,猴也。" 以上文字中,十二生肖動物談到了十一種,唯獨缺了辰龍。該書《言毒篇》說: "辰為龍,已為蛇。辰、已之位在東南。"
如此,十二生肖便齊了,且與現今流行的十二生肖配屬完全相同,這的確算是古文獻中關于生肖的較早的最完備的記載。
到了南北朝,生肖已普遍使用,南朝《南齊書·五行志》中已經有具體的按人的出生年份稱屬某種動物的記載。南朝·陳·詩人沈炯,曾創作了一首十二屬相詩,其言曰:
"鼠跡生塵案,牛羊暮下來。
虎哺坐空谷,兔月向窗開。
龍隰遠青翠,蛇柳近徘徊。
馬蘭方遠摘,羊負始春栽。
猴栗羞芳果,雞砧引清杯。
狗其懷物外,豬蠡窅悠哉。"
這首十二屬相詩明顯是按十二地支所配動物的順序寫成的,說明當時十二生肖已為人們所十分熟悉。
從以上文獻記載可以明確生肖文化的源頭在中國。依據生肖外來說的觀點,生肖是漢代由中東傳入中國,與佛教傳入時間差不多,我們從以上文獻中已證明早在春秋時期我國便有有關生肖的記載(《日書》、《詩經》),說明生肖的產生以及生肖與地支的相配是早在漢以前就產生了的,因此可以肯定生肖是產生于我國本土的一種古老文化。那么生肖的由來究竟是怎樣的呢?古人為什么選擇了這十二種動物呢?這個問題歷來受到學者的關注,做出了種種解釋。
部分學者認為生肖起源于原始時代的動物崇拜,中國科技大學張秉倫先生便持這一觀點。他認為在原始社會生產力低下、認識自然能力極其有限的情況下,對與自已生活息息相關的動物產生一種依賴感(如馬、羊、牛、雞、犬等),對危害自身安全的動物產生一種恐懼感(如虎、蛇),對一些超過人類的動物器官功能產生崇敬感(如狗的嗅覺等),導致產生對動物的崇拜。十二種生肖動物便是人們在動物崇拜的原始信仰影響下產生的用來紀年、紀月的獸歷。
原始人的動物崇拜還表現在儺舞等原始舞蹈上,儺大約產生于周代前后,大儺儀式中的主角是方相氏和十二神獸。驅儺舞蹈選中十二獸,是原始人對動物崇敬心理的表現。大儺儀式上選中的十二獸(或十二神)是為照應一年十二個月份,以求月月平安,驅除四方疫鬼,照應十二個方位的。對十二個方位的照應當然牽涉到十二支,于是與十二生肖掛鉤,在驅儺儀式中的十二屬相被派上逢兇化吉的用場。由此可以看出十二神獸、十二生肖是一脈相承的,他們共同的來源都是原始動物崇拜。
民族(zu)學家劉(liu)(liu)堯漢(han)先生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)與彝(yi)族(zu)"十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)獸(shou)"紀(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)及"十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月歷(li)"法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)。居住于(yu)四(si)川大涼山地(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彝(yi)族(zu),有(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)獸(shou)紀(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)法(fa)(fa),他們以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)種動(dong)物(wu)紀(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),今日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)鼠日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),明日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)牛日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此類推三(san)輪為(wei)(wei)一個月,計(ji)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六天,一個月三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六天,一年(nian)(nian)(nian)便(bian)為(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個月,這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)后來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月歷(li)"法(fa)(fa)。劉(liu)(liu)堯漢(han)先生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)屬(shu)相(xiang)紀(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月歷(li)法(fa)(fa)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)夏(xia)禹時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai),(參見劉(liu)(liu)堯漢(han)著(zhu)《彝(yi)族(zu)社會歷(li)史調(diao)查研究文集》)與原(yuan)始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖騰(teng)崇(chong)(chong)拜(bai)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan),漢(han)族(zu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)(shi)受"十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月歷(li)法(fa)(fa)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,彝(yi)族(zu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)獸(shou)歷(li)后來發(fa)(fa)展為(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。講生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淵源(yuan),必然(ran)要將生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)與天干(gan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聯系在(zai)一起。近代(dai)在(zai)安陽殷(yin)墟出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)我國(guo)現存年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)最(zui)久遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表,說明在(zai)殷(yin)商時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)干(gan)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)紀(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)已嫻(xian)熟自如。之后隨著(zhu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推移干(gan)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)逐漸多樣化,它作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)充當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標號,一方面(mian)擴(kuo)大了(le)(le)(le),用(yong)于(yu)紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian);一方面(mian)縮(suo)小了(le)(le)(le),用(yong)于(yu)紀(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(一日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)個時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辰(chen))。根據(ju)歷(li)史記(ji)載及研究證明,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)(shi)繼"干(gan)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)法(fa)(fa)"創立后才出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)種動(dong)物(wu)是(shi)(shi)對十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一一對應(ying),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)動(dong)物(wu)作(zuo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標志。哪年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)哪年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所配屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu),由(you)(you)此以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)種動(dong)物(wu)用(yong)來紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)、紀(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)和計(ji)算(suan)每一個人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)相(xiang)。從中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)看出(chu),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)與十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)密(mi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。很久以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來有(you)(you)(you)學者(zhe)發(fa)(fa)現十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)字里(li)隱(yin)含著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi),他們將十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)古(gu)字相(xiang)比較,發(fa)(fa)現十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)字形(xing)與十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)種動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)一些聯系。細致觀察(cha)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)現其(qi)中(zhong)確有(you)(you)(you)大同小異之處(chu)(chu)。東漢(han)許慎《說文解字》中(zhong)即(ji)講到"已"字為(wei)(wei)蛇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)形(xing),同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)"亥"、"豕(shi)"。近人(ren)還(huan)考證甲骨文、金文中(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)字有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)近之處(chu)(chu),令人(ren)猜想(xiang),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)否就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)動(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)字,由(you)(you)于(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子丑寅卯容易記(ji)混(hun),民間(jian)便(bian)用(yong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)種動(dong)物(wu)代(dai)替,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)動(dong)物(wu)來借代(dai)序數符號,與地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)配,成為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符號系統。雖然(ran)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上猜想(xiang)有(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)信度,但細想(xiang)一下便(bian)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)出(chu)判斷,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)種動(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)字,因為(wei)(wei)前面(mian)已經講到十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)殷(yin)商時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已嫻(xian)熟使用(yong),而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)(shi)春秋時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)才產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。倘若在(zai)造字之時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)便(bian)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)豈不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)與地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)嗎 ? 綜上所述筆者(zhe)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)晚于(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),但與十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)密(mi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肖(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)(shi)對十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附(fu)會,至于(yu)選擇(ze)了(le)(le)(le)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)種動(dong)物(wu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)代(dai)替十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地(di)(di)(di)(di)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符號,又源(yuan)于(yu)古(gu)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)崇(chong)(chong)拜(bai)心理(li)。...
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