什么是五行?它的具體含義是什么?
五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國古代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)質觀。多用于(yu)(yu)(yu)哲學(xue)、中(zhong)醫(yi)學(xue)和(he)(he)占卜方面。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi):金(jin)(jin)(jin)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、水(shui)、火(huo)、土(tu)(tu)。認為(wei)大(da)自然(ran)(ran)由五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)素所(suo)構(gou)成,隨著這五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)個要(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)盛衰,而(er)使得大(da)自然(ran)(ran)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)化(hua),不但(dan)影響到人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命運,同(tong)時也使宇宙萬(wan)物(wu)循環不已。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)學(xue)說(shuo)認為(wei)宇宙萬(wan)物(wu),都由木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)火(huo)土(tu)(tu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)基本物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(運動)和(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)所(suo)構(gou)成。它強調整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)概(gai)(gai)念,描繪了(le)事(shi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)關系(xi)和(he)(he)運動形式。如果說(shuo)陰陽是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)古代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對立統一學(xue)說(shuo),則五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)原始的(de)(de)(de)(de)普通系(xi)統論。由來: 六經論五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)者,始見于(yu)(yu)(yu)《尚書(shu)(shu)?6?4洪(hong)范》,曰(yue)(yue):「五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing),一曰(yue)(yue)水(shui)、二(er)曰(yue)(yue)火(huo)、三(san)曰(yue)(yue)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、四(si)曰(yue)(yue)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)土(tu)(tu)」。《大(da)禹(yu)謨》曰(yue)(yue):「水(shui)火(huo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)土(tu)(tu),谷惟(wei)修」。其(qi)源起于(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)圖、洛(luo)書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)。益圖書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一六水(shui)也,二(er)七火(huo)也,三(san)八木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)也,四(si)九金(jin)(jin)(jin)也,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)也。在(zai)圖則左旋而(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),在(zai)書(shu)(shu)則右(you)轉而(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)克(ke)也。然(ran)(ran)土(tu)(tu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)圖書(shu)(shu)為(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)中(zhong)宮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu),無(wu)定(ding)位,無(wu)專(zhuan)體(ti)(ti)者也。惟(wei)《呂氏(shi)春秋》則以(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)直季(ji)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,以(yi)(yi)順相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序。《白虎通》又以(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)直辰戍丑未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)季(ji)而(er)分旺于(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)時。文王后天圖象(xiang)坤艮二(er)土(tu)(tu)獨居夏秋冬春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交,則以(yi)(yi)火(huo)必得土(tu)(tu)而(er)后能(neng)(neng)成金(jin)(jin)(jin),水(shui)必得土(tu)(tu)而(er)后能(neng)(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)也相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)克(ke)黑(hei)色箭(jian)頭指(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),粉紅色箭(jian)頭指(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)克(ke)制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu) 五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)克(ke):金(jin)(jin)(jin)克(ke)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)克(ke)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)克(ke)水(shui),水(shui)克(ke)火(huo),火(huo)克(ke)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。 五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng):金(jin)(jin)(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui),水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)火(huo),火(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。 五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每一行(xing)(xing)(xing)都有(you)(you)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。“木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)曰(yue)(yue)曲(qu)直”,意思(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)具有(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長、升發的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);“火(huo)曰(yue)(yue)炎(yan)上(shang)(shang)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火(huo)具有(you)(you)發熱、向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);“土(tu)(tu)爰稼墻”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)具有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)莊(zhuang)稼,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)萬(wan)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);“金(jin)(jin)(jin)曰(yue)(yue)從(cong)革”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)具有(you)(you)肅(su)殺(sha)、變(bian)(bian)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);“水(shui)曰(yue)(yue)潤(run)下”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)具有(you)(you)滋潤(run)、向(xiang)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。古人(ren)(ren)(ren)基于(yu)(yu)(yu)這種(zhong)(zhong)認識,把宇宙間(jian)各種(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)物(wu)分別(bie)歸屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing),因此在(zai)概(gai)(gai)念上(shang)(shang),已經不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、火(huo)、土(tu)(tu)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)、水(shui)本身,而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一大(da)類在(zai)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)(shang)可(ke)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)物(wu)、現象(xiang)所(suo)共有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽象(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)中(zhong)醫(yi)里(li)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)著特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)含義。“木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)曰(yue)(yue)曲(qu)直”,代(dai)表(biao)(biao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長、升發、條達、舒暢(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng),在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)肝(gan)。 “金(jin)(jin)(jin)曰(yue)(yue)從(cong)革”,代(dai)表(biao)(biao)沉降、肅(su)殺(sha)、收斂等(deng)(deng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質,在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)肺。 “水(shui)曰(yue)(yue)潤(run)下”,代(dai)表(biao)(biao)了(le)滋潤(run)、下行(xing)(xing)(xing)、寒涼、閉(bi)藏的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質,在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)腎。 “土(tu)(tu)曰(yue)(yue)稼檣”,代(dai)表(biao)(biao)了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)、承(cheng)載、受納等(deng)(deng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質,在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)脾。 “火(huo)曰(yue)(yue)炎(yan)上(shang)(shang)”,代(dai)表(biao)(biao)了(le)溫熱、向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)等(deng)(deng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質,在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)心。...
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